http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2267 2026-05-10T12:39:33Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2281 Determination of the Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients for Multiphase Flow on Different Sections of a Closed Piping System Mahmoud Elsharafi; Benton Vidal; Tyler Leonard; Jibriel Abusaleem The continuous demand for petroleum-based energy as well as the increased need for geothermal energy has led to higher demands of piping systems transporting multiphase flows at high pressures and temperatures. As a result, the research of multiphase heat transfer throughout the piping system is inevitable, much of which the intricate details are still unknown. Multiphase flows and heat transfer have been studied in a wide range of applications such as mechanical, chemical, nuclear, and mineral engineering. The data from this project should prove useful in industries all over the world, especially industries that deal with refrigeration and with piping oil. Also, engines are massively important and their efficiency is becoming more prominent than ever before, and this research could aid in their efficiency. Also, the longevity and performance of these multiphase-flow piping systems, amongst other things, depend greatly on the heat transfer rates they obtain. In this experiment, results were found showing the correlation between the orientation, input temperature, input air pressure, and flow rate of the liquid, with the flow rate showing to make the largest difference. 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2280 Best Performance of Reactor Controllers Using Stochastic Optimization Method Yousif A. Alsadiq Based on the mass and energy balances for the reactor and heating system, a mathematical model for a continuous stirred tank reactor is created. The concentration is changed stepwise, and the reactor's temperature is gauged as a result. This study compares the use of PI, generic model control, and fuzzy logic controllers on the system with the aim of evaluating each one's performance in light of the integral of the absolute error that is produced. The controller's settings are adjusted using a simulated annealing technique. However, in order to have a fairly comparison The range of the PI and Generic model controller’s gains are increased as well as the simulated annealing solution numbers, on the other hand the number of membership functions for variable and solution numbers are increase for fuzzy controller. MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to implement the control and simulation investigation. 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2279 Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Iron in maternal blood and umbilical cord in Zeliten city, Libya Adel. M. Mlitan; Hanan. S. Derra; Wafa. R. Griba; Najla. M. Worayet The present study was carried out to determine the lead, cadmium, zinc and iron concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Samples were collected from Zeliten delivery hospital in the period from February to April 2018. A total of 70 pregnant women participated in this study, We compared the concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Iron in maternal blood and umbilical cord. There is significant difference in maternal blood concentration of iron compared with umbilical cord blood iron concentration (P value 0.047), while there is no significant difference found in concentration of other studied metals (Zn, Fe, Cd). 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2278 Hydrological Simulation of Wadi Al-Kouf, Libya Aiesha Omar Ijdayyat Surface water scarcity poses a serious threat to sustainable development and one of the main restrictive factors of economic growth in Libya. However, the average rainfall records ranged in north of Libya from about 200 to 500 mm, with a maximum of recording on the regions of the Green Mountain where was about 850 mm. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), The Soil Conservation Service- Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and the Watershed Modeling System (WMS, Version 8.1) has been applied to analyze and simulate the surface runoff storms of Wadi Al-Kouf using Hydraulic Engineering Center model (HEC-1). This model was used to simulate runoff volumes and hydrographs. Al-Kouf watershed is located in the central part of Al Jabal Al Akhdar of north Libya. The investigated basin is enclosed approximately between latitudes 32.5° N and 32.8° N and longitudes 21.4° E and 22.00° E. The rainfall data for period (2002-2003) were used for the analysis and estimation of the direct runoff for the study area. Different simulated cases have been studied which showed a good agreement compared with the measured results. The main purposes for embarking on the study determine the amount of runoff and peak flow rate generated from rainfall storms and harvest runoff water surface, by suggestion a set of weirs at various locations in the strategic parts in the study basin may be built to avoid future flooding of the cities and the roads. In this study, we were able to know peak of discharge and volume of each basin outlet and find out where to put weirs. The simulation results reveal that about 190 Million cubic meters of surface water could be harvested. 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z